What is Ambush Marketing How is It Used in Brand Wars

What is Ambush Marketing How is It Used in Brand Wars In 2007, German car maker BMW placed a bill board in Santa Monica, California to promote the 35th BMW MOA Rally.The billboard held the words “A BMW Rally with two nearby service centers. What’s next, paramedics at a chess tournament?”In a bid to take a dig at BMW and take advantage of some of the buzz generated by the BMW MOA Rally, rival German car maker Audi bought a nearby billboard and put up an image of the Audi A4, which had just been launched. The billboard was captioned with the words “Chess? No thanks, I’d rather be driving.”This was a rather cheeky move by Audi.However, Audi did not stop at that. Soon after, Audi took down the initial billboard and replaced it with another billboard that was also a provocation to BMW.The new billboard also contained a picture of the new Audi A4 and was captioned “Your move, BMW” a clever reference to BMW’s regrettable chess theme.BMW was not ready to let Audi get away with such provocation.Without wasting any time, BMW put up a billboard three times the size of Audi’s just across the street and showed an image of the BMW 3 series with a one word caption “Checkmate.”Not to be outdone, Audi bought another billboard next to BMW’s and put up an image of the Audi R8 with the caption “Your pawn is no match for our king.”Having had enough, BMW decide to put an end to this madness by putting up a blimp with an image of BMW’s F1 racing car and the words “Game Over”.To show that it really was game over, BMW went ahead and tethered the blimp on Audi’s R8 billboard.The above spat between BMW and Audi shows the lengths to which brands will go to outdo each other, increase their brand visibility and hopefully gain a larger share of the market.The spat is an interesting example of a marketing tactic known as ambush marketing.WHAT IS AMBUSH MARKETING?Ambush marketing is a marketing tactic where a company hijacks the marketing campaign of a competitor in an attempt to steal the spotlight from the initial advertiser and gain more exposure from the competitor’s marketing campaign.In other words, a company literally ambushes a competitor’s marketing campaign and uses the competitor’s resources and efforts to its own advantage, without the approval of the competitor.The term ambush marketing was first introduced back in the 80s by Jerry Welsh, a marketing strategist who was working as the head of American Express’ global marketing efforts at the time.The definition of ambush marketing has changed since the term was first introduced.Initially, the term was used in the context of event sponsorships, referring to situations where a brand tried to associate itself with an event or a group of people participating in the event even though it had not bought any rights to associate itself with the event.By so doing, the brand would not only capitalize on the huge audience that came to or viewed the event, but would also be stealing the spotlight from competitors who had actually paid to be associated with the event.Today, however, the definition of ambush marketing has moved from the event sponsorship context and expanded to include any situation where a brand tries to take advantage of another brand’s marketing or advertising campaign for its own benefit, a great example of which is the spat between BMW and Audi.TYPES OF AMBUSH MARKETINGThere are two major categories of ambush marketing. These are:Direct Ambush MarketingThis refers to situations where a brand engages in activities that are meant to deceive the audience into thinking that the brand is associated with an event or property, even if the brand has no rights to the event or property.Direct ambush marketing can also refer to situations where a brand goes on an all-out attack to attack a competitor or steal their shine without trying to hide its intentions.There are four types of direct ambush marketing. These are:Predatory Ambushing: This refers to a marketing tactic where a brand attacks a ri val brand’s sponsorship of an event or tries to confuse customers as to who the official sponsor is.A good example of predatory ambush marketing is when Microsoft used Google’s advert video for Google Chrome to advertise against Google’s commercialization of user data.Google released this video to advertise Chrome. Soon after, Microsoft trolled Google by releasing the below parody of the same video. Coattail Ambushing: This refers to marketing activities where a brand tries to take advantage of the buzz generated by the marketing efforts of another brand to gain some brand visibility for itself. For example, during the 2012 London Olympic Games, the Beats by Dre headphone brand was not an official sponsor of the event.To gain advantage of the huge audience of the Olympic Games without paying a dime, Dr. Dre, the CEO of Beats Electronics which produces the Beats by Dre headphones, sent athletes customized headphones branded with colors of the home flag.Many of the athletes twee ted about their surprise gift and were seen wearing the headphones by millions of viewers as they entered the Olympics arena.This way, the brand gained massive visibility without paying a dime to the London Olympic Games Organizing Committee.Property or Trademark Infringement: This refers to situations where a brand intentionally uses trademarks, logos, taglines, symbols, phrases, or other properties of another brand to advertise its own services in a bid to either confuse customers or dilute the marketing efforts of the other brand.For instance, during the 2012 London Olympic Games, sportswear brand Nike was restricted from using the word Olympic Games in any of their advertisements since they were not official sponsors of the sporting competition.Self-ambushing: This refers to a situation where a brand that has bought sponsorship rights to an event performs activities that go beyond the parameters stipulated in the sponsorship contract.For instance, during the 2008 UEFA European C hampionships, beer brand Carlsberg, an official sponsor to the tournament, gave out free Carlsberg branded t-shirts and headbands during the tournament, even though this was not part of their sponsorship agreement.By so doing, Carlsberg infringed on the marketing rights of any other official sponsor whose agreement allowed them to offer freebies to fans.Indirect Ambush MarketingIndirect ambush marketing refers to situations where a brand tries to indirectly take advantage of the marketing efforts of another brand or the buzz generated by an event.With indirect ambush marketing, the brand intention is not to attack the other brand or steal its shine, but simply to gain some exposure from the event or marketing efforts of the other brand.There are two types of indirect ambush marketing:Indirect ambush marketing by association: This refers to marketing activities where a brand uses terminology or images that are unprotected by intellectual property laws or that are similar to those use d by an event or another brand in order to create the illusion that the brand is also associated with the event or brand.With this type of indirect ambush marketing, the brand does not claim any association to the event. Instead, it leaves it to the audience to form the association in their own minds.For example, during the 2012 London Olympic Games, Irish gambling chain Paddy Power put up billboards across the city of London claiming to be the “official sponsor of the largest athletics event in London” that year.However, in much smaller print, there was a disclaimer that made it clear that Paddy Power was referring to the French town of London. By claiming to be the official sponsor of the largest athletic event in London, Paddy Power was not referring to the Olympic Games.They were referring to a traditional egg-and-spoon race in London, France, which they were actually sponsoring. The International Olympic Committee tried to sue Paddy Power for their cheeky advertising campai gn but lost the case.Indirect ambush marketing by distraction: This refers to situations where a brand puts up a promotional presence within the vicinity of an event without making any attempt at creating an association between the brand and the event.By so doing, the aim of the brand is to attract the attention of those at the event.A good example of indirect ambush marketing by distraction happened in at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta when Nike set up an alternative athletes’ village christened the Nike Center about a mile from the official Olympics athletes’ village, despite Reebok being the official sponsor of that year’s Olympic Games.SHOULD YOU CONSIDER AMBUSH MARKETING?The various brands who have been involved in instances of ambush marketing do so because they understand that there may be huge benefits to be gained from ambush marketing.Some of the advantages of ambush marketing include:Done Well, Ambush Marketing Can Be CheapIf properly strategized, ambush marketing can be a great way to achieve great brand visibility and increase sales without spending a lot of money.By using ambush marketing tactics at the 2012 London Olympic Games, Beats by Dre became one of the most visible brands at the competitions, receiving way more visibility than Panasonic, the official sponsor of the games.Getting all this visibility cost Beats Electronics only the few hundred pairs of Beats headphones that were given to the athletes for free.This is a negligible cost when compared to the £64 million Panasonic paid to become an official sponsor to the Olympic Games.Another great example of how cheap ambush marketing can be is the gimmick by beer brand Bavaria during the 2010 World Cup in South Africa.During a match between the Holland and Denmark, Bavaria sent a group of 36 ladies clad in orange mini-dresses and asked them to attract attention to themselves during the match.Orange is the color of the Holland soccer team, so on the surface the ladies looked like fans of the Holland team.However, that color is also associated with the Bavaria brand. By attracting attention and drawing the cameras to themselves during the match, the ladies were subtly advertising Bavaria.Even though Bavaria was fined for this, the gimmick brought them a lot of publicity, and the fine was a mere slap on the wrist compared to the amounts paid by rival beer brand Budweiser to become the official beer sponsor of the 2010 World Cup.It is a Great Way to Ensure Maximum Returns from MarketingWhen done well, ambush marketing can deliver greater returns than conventional marketing approaches within a shorter span of time.For instance, after Bavaria’s beer babes saga at the 2010 World Cup, a survey by Hall Partners, a global brand and communications agency revealed that at the peak of the controversy emanating from this stunt, Bavaria received 558% more attention in the blogosphere compared to Budweiser, the official sponsor of the 2010 World Cup.Over the course of the Worl d Cup, Bavaria generated 371% more blog buzz compared to Budweiser.It was also reported that for a week after the stunt, Bavaria’s website was among the top 5 most visited beer websites in the UK.What’s more, Bavaria generated more blog attention than the other official sponsors of the 2010 World Cup, including Adidas, Hyundai, Coca Cola, Visa, Sony, and Emirates.Raises Brand EquityAlthough brands engaging in ambush marketing have no direct association with the event they are ambushing, the illusory association to a world known event in the minds of customers often leads to an increase in the value of the brand.It helps build brand credibility in the minds of the audience and helps the brand gain potential customers.A good example of this is the ambush marketing campaign by Beats by Dre. Before the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, Beats by Dre was not a very well-known brand.Following the Olympics, not only did the brand gain recognition across the world, its sales also increased by 1 16%.They are Highly MemorableOne of the greatest attributes is how cheeky and creative they can be.By their very nature, ambush marketing campaigns require a brand to quickly respond to or leverage another brand’s marketing campaign or event.In order to get more buzz than the original campaign, ambush marketing have to demonstrate a high level of creativity, either through witty wordplay, visual trickery, and another form of unconventional approach.This use of cheekiness, creativity and unconventional approaches can make ambush marketing campaigns highly memorable.For instance, despite happening over a decade ago, the spat between BMW and Audi remains as one of the most memorable brand wars due to the cheekiness of world renowned automakers throwing jibes at each other using billboards next to each other.Similarly, the beer babes stunt by Bavaria remains one of the most memorable aspects of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.Ambush Marketing Scripts Do Not Have to Conform to a ScriptWhen it comes to marketing and advertising, consistency is very important.When using conventional marketing approaches, brands put a lot of effort to ensure that all their marketing campaigns have a consistent tone, style, and feel across all the platforms in which the campaign is ran.Inconsistency can do more harm than good to the brand’s image in the minds of consumers.When it comes to ambush marketing, however, these consistency limitations fall by the wayside. There is no pressure to conform to a certain script.The brand can use techniques that are beyond the company’s established guidelines.There is a greater deal of flexibility and creative freedom.Not only does this freedom make it easier to come up with impactful campaigns, it also provides brands with a chance to change consumer perceptions by demonstrating new brand values and attributes that consumers may not have previously associated with the brand.THE DISADVANTAGES OF AMBUSH MARKETINGWhile launching an ambu sh marketing campaign might present some major benefits for your brand as we have seen, it’s not all smooth sailing.Ambush marketing also has its downsides. These include:Sometimes, It Can Be ExpensiveThe costs associated with ambush marketing will depend on the approach you decide to take. If you go the Bavaria or the Beats by Dre route, it can be very cost effective.However, if you take some routes, ambush marketing can be very expensive.For instance, let’s consider the spat between BMW and Audi and try to estimate how much it might have cost. Let’s assume that it takes $10,000 to put up a billboard for a month in Los Angeles.Assuming that the spat went on for six months and involved more than 3 billboards, we are talking about a figure in the $180,000 range.When you include the design and production costs as well as the blimp, the costs pass the $200,000 mark.This is not exactly cheap. In addition, some ambush marketing campaigns can lead to lawsuits and heavy fines, pushin g up the costs even further.This explains why most ambush marketing campaigns are usually executed by huge, well-funded brands.It Might Be Challenging to Determine the ROI of an Ambush Marketing CampaignIn most cases, the aim of ambush marketing campaigns is not to drive sales, but rather to raise brand awareness or enhance the brand’s perception in the minds of consumers.Determining the ambush marketing campaign’s effect on these intangible factors is difficult because you can’t assign them numerical values.Sure, you can monitor the internet and social media for engagement metrics such as brand mentions, links, shares, and so on.Still, this does not provide an accurate way of determining the financial ROI of the campaign.Can be Easily Influenced by External FactorsAside from the costs that might be associated with an ambush marketing campaign, the success and effectiveness of the campaign is also easily influenced by external factors such as time, space constraints, as well a s the reaction of the brand whose campaign you are hijacking.Since the ambush marketing campaign is essentially a response to another brand’s campaign, you need to move fast in coming up with the response.In the case of billboard ambush marketing campaigns like the spat between Audi and BMW, space constraints can also make it hard for you to respond to your rival brand.Your competitor’s response to your ambush marketing campaign might also lead to a protracted brand battle, increasing the campaign’s costs beyond your initial budget.IS AMBUSH MARKETING LEGAL?While ambush marketing is a controversial practice, most countries do not have any legal provisions around this area.However, the legality of an ambush marketing campaign depends on the approach used by the ambush marketer in that particular campaign.If the ambush marketing campaign infringes on the trademarks and other intellectual property of another brand, the ambusher can be sued under trademark infringement laws.Howeve r, many ambush marketers are usually careful not to infringe on the trademarks of another brand or event.In some cases, the ambush marketer can still be charged despite not infringing on the trademarks of another brand.For instance, Bavaria was charged in court and fined for the beer babes stunt because it went against FIFA restrictions which made it clear that brands that had not bought sponsorship rights to the World Cup were prohibited from carrying out marketing activities at the event.Still, even with such restrictions, ambush marketers can still find ways to skirt around the restrictions.For example, despite strict restrictions being put in place and even brand police being deployed at the London Summer Olympic Games in 2012, Beats by Dre was still able to successfully execute an ambush marketing campaign at the games without making itself liable to a lawsuit.All in all, I can say that ambush marketing will remain a legal gray area since it is impossible to cover all imaginabl e ambush marketing scenarios, and ambush marketers will continue exploiting these legal gaps to launch ambush marketing campaigns.WRAPPING UPWhile it is a controversial practice, ambush marketing will continue being a great way for brands to raise their brand equity, enhance consumer perceptions and perhaps gain a share of the market.Brands that decide to go this route must be quick and highly creative if they want to their ambush marketing campaigns to be effective and memorable.If you decide to go down this route, it is also good to first make yourself aware of the restrictions surrounding an event or another brand’s marketing campaign before launching your ambush marketing campaign, at least if you don’t want to find your brand on the defensive end of a legal suit.

Technology- Good or Bad for our Future - 676 Words

Technology may be the key to improving humanity, but will it distort our society as we know it? In this short novel by the late author Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451, firemen are sent to burn books rather than halt fires due to the complete censorship of them. One day while coming home from his job, Guy Montag, a â€Å"fireman† meets Clarisse Mcclellan, an eccentric 16 year old girl who changes his life forever by simply talking to him at night- a time when the majority of people are staying in. Along his journey, Montag meets Faber, and old professor, and turns on his peers at the fire station, eventually escaping the city to join a group of nomadic professors. Through innovations in technology, the average person’s life has become faster paced, and less offensive, more ‘dumbed-down’ entertainment has become the standard; with all the media, people in general have stopped paying attention to what’s happening around them. As technology has advanced, life has become more sped up, losing a lot of details in translation. In the time after Montag has stolen a book, Beatty (Montag’s boss) comes to his house and gives him a lecture. A part of Beatty’s monologue is â€Å"‘Classics cut to fit fifteen-minute radio shows, then cut again to fill a two-minute book column, winding up at last a ten- or twelve-line dictionary rà ©sumà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradbury 52). The way that Beatty delivers the aforementioned line is in a summarized manner, just as he describes the path of stories and texts. When shorteningShow MoreRelatedEssay about The History of Chemistry and Technology883 Words   |  4 Pagesand much much more What was society like before the discovery of your technology? Society was simplistic, as in people didnt have televisions, or other modern day uses we now have with new-fangelded technology we now have to our advantage and to really get us through life. 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Argumentative Essay Women Should Not Be Allowed To Go...

Argumentative Essay: Should Women Be Allowed To Go Topless in Public In the summer of 1996 Gwen Jacobs enjoyed a topless summer stroll during which she was seen by a local O.P.P officer, was apprehended and subsequently charged with indecent exposure. Gwen Jacobs pleaded not guilty in court and won the right to go topless in Ontario. This incident brought up an excellent question: should women be allowed to go topless on public beaches and in other public areas? The answer is strictly no, women should not be allowed to go topless anywhere outside of their own home. One of the many reasons why I believe that women should not be allowed to go topless is with respect to the safety of women. Men and boys have, in†¦show more content†¦My second point is, what kind of questions will a mother be asked by her son when he sees a half nude woman walking down the street. The first question that this child will ask is why do these women have no shirt on and you do? Your reply will be well ahhh go talk to your father. This dilemma will no doubt be brought about as these and other questions about the sexual nature of the body will be put forth by young children. Questions that you as a parent do not feel should be answered truthfully to such a young child. My third point begins thousands of years ago when man first walked on the earth. When man first walked he hunted and his wife(clothless) cleaned the game and took care of the young. As centuries have progressed women have stepped forth into a new era of equal rights. Weve seen the first women doctors, astronauts, business owners and many other firsts in numerous professions. Women have made giant leaps when it comes to respect from men in their professional field. This respect which women have been fighting for over the past century, is on the verge of collapse. Women seem to be taking this new law allowing them to go topless to an extreme. Walking their dogs, walking on the beach and strolling through public places with no tops on. This display of nudity, in the average persons eyes, whether they admit to it or not, will cause men to look down again on women.

Krogstad Free Essays

In what ways does Ibsen make us feel sympathetic towards Sarasota? In the first act of the play ‘A Doll’s House’ by Henries Ibsen, we are presented to many different characters, however, the one that stands out most is the rather out of the ordinary character, Sarasota. Sarasota is a lawyer who went to the same school as Dorval, and has a minor position at Tortilla’s bank. Ibsen tries to plot down certain aspects of Crossroad’s life, In which you see both sides of the character, which might make the readers feel sorry for him. We will write a custom essay sample on Krogstad or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this, Ibsen gives the readers the power to ecocide which character they would be sympathetic towards the most. Crossroad’s character is in opposition; although his bad actions seem to push him towards the desire of protecting his children and wife, he is willing to use dishonest tactics to achieve his goals. This leaves Nora In a horrible situation, but his claims to feel sympathy for her and the hard circumstances of his own life drive us to sympathies with him. At first you can see that Sarasota is like any other person, wanting to keep his Job, to know that he is still welcomed some where. This can be seen in the sentence: â€Å"Will oh be so good as to see that I keep my humble position at the bank? † By using the word ‘humble’ he is shown a sense of sarcasm, meaning that he does not actually enjoy working at the bank, but that he has no other choice, It Is all he has to keep getting money so that he can take care of his wife and children. Later on in the first play his character changes. He is presented as a disheartened, wretched man. This is shown in the line: â€Å"Now listen to me, Mrs. Helmet. If I’m forced to, I shall fight for my little Job at the banks as I would fight for my life. Although It his sounds very harsh and quite threatening, It does give him the sense of righteousness. It is the desperate side to him, that no matter what will happen he will keep fighting to keep his job at the bank so that he can survive and so that he can also enjoy this feeling of happiness. Ibsen makes you feel sympathetic towards Sarasota because y ou realize that he is a condoling guy and really cares about his job, wants to get things done, but cares even more about being able to provide for his family. Crossroad’s aggressive and brutal side is later on shown through the way he threatens Nora with the sentence: Mimi say that because you don’t want to help me. But I have the means to make you. † This is a disturbing line from Sarasota because you see the clear lack of consideration he has towards Nora. This shows that he will do everything to get what he wants, even if it means hurting some one along the way. He Is In some ways blackballing Nora, In the way that she has no way out of this he forces her to try to help him keep his Job at her husbands company, even though she has no way of doing so. Sarasota is the plays main antagonist, however, he is not shown as the typical bad u that you see in other scenarios. This can be shown in the sentence: â€Å"Do as you please. But I tell you this. If I get thrown into the gutter for a second time, I shall take you with me. † Although his actions are not good, his intentions are good. Sarasota is trying to hide his past reputation, and by this he doesn’t want to be knocked down again. By saying this, it shows that he would not go down alone, so that he can show Nora how horrible it is to be left out of society and losing everything that keeps him going. In this situation, not only the readers would feel sorry for Sarasota, but maybe even Nora herself, because she would be able to relate since he is fighting for his life and for his children to be able to provide for them. In conclusion, Ibsen makes us feel sympathetic towards Sarasota by making him behave like any other human being would. This is shown through bringing up real life situations, as Sarasota only has to go through this so that he can take good care and be secure of his children, and in this the readers could acknowledge the position that Sarasota is in. How to cite Krogstad, Papers

Time Zones Cheat Sheet For Writers - The Writers For Hire

TIME ZONES CHEAT SHEET FOR WRITERS As a writer who works remotely, and occasionally travels for different genealogy and family history projects, calculating time zones is always an issue for me. I live in the Mountain time zone, but the majority of the writers I work with are in Central time. And with clients all over the world, scheduling conference calls can become quite challenging. Thanks to one of my fellow writers, though, I now have a tool that can alleviate some of the confusion. This awesome time convertor from worldtimebuddy.com allows you to enter places or time zones around the world, and it will automatically tell you what time and date it is in that specific place. The free account will allow you to add up to four different locations around the globe. But if your needs expand beyond just four locations or time zones, world time buddy offers a paid service for as many locations as you need. And there are even options for multi-user subscriptions. This great site does not only calculate time zones for you. It’s expansive features also include the ability to overlay google calendars, in order to find open time slots for scheduling conference calls. And once those open time slots are found, you can even create an event page right on the site, to share publicly with others.

Enron essays

Enron essays Years before headline-grabbing accounting schemes, document shredding, executive bonus scandals and employee losses, Enron began as a small oil and gas pipeline company in Texas. Begun in 1985, it profited by promising to deliver gas and oil to a particular utility or business at a fixed future date and at a fixed price. As the energy markets, and in particular the electrical power markets, were deregulated, Enrons business expanded into brokering and trading electricity and other energy commodities. The deregulation of these markets was a key Enron strategy as it invested time and money in lobbying Congress and state legislatures for access to what traditionally had been publicly provided utility markets. Some of Enrons top executives became frequently named corporate political patrons of the Republican Party and the campaigns of George W. Bush and other elected officials. As Enrons business grew, it became a broker, a middleman, which made money from the difference between ener gy commodity sales and purchase prices. The actual prices Enron paid for and sold its commodities at were kept secret. As Enron began to face competition from other energy commodity traders, the business arrangements became more and more complex. The company was creating markets for products that never previously existed, and maybe shouldnt have existed. Customers could insure themselves against changing business conditions, including changes in interest rates, commodity prices or even a change in the weather. According to The Washington Post, over time the volume of business from these nontraditional contracts dwarfed Enrons mainline market in commodity trading. The stock price soared and Fortune magazine heralded Enron as one of the most innovative companies in America. Executive compensation for Enron CEO Ken Lay in 2000 topped $53 million, with exercised stock options of more than $123 million and unex...

MLA Format Bibliography Critical Essay

MLA Format Bibliography Critical Essay MLA Format Bibliography Critical Essay The two most important aspects of the MLA format are the in-text citations and the works cited page. MLA format bibliography critical essay requires parenthetical documentation system. It means that references which writer used while writing a critical essay should be placed within parentheses throughout the paper. The references point to sources in an alphabetized list of works cited which are placed at the end in a form of critical thinking essay bibliography. The MLA in-text citations are similar to APA in-text citations. The main difference between them is that MLA in-text citations contain the name of the author and the page number without comma between them, while APA in-text citations contain the name of the author and the date with comma between them. It-text citations identify the specific location of borrowed material. The parenthetical information should complement, not repeat, material given in your work. Critical Essay Writing Good understanding of the topic, deep analysis of the literary work and critics are the most necessary steps for critical essay writing. While writing a critical essay, the student should demonstrate their writing and thinking skills. Writing a critical essay for student is rather difficult task and it takes a lot of time. Before writing the student should understand the problem and then explain it in written form. The student should avoid summarizing the text while writing a critical essay, the goal is to interpret significances of the text. Make an outline to facilitate critical essay writing. Academic essay requires a definite format: introductory paragraph, body paragraphs and conclusion. Remember that the reader expects your critical essay being original: Bibliography Format If you decided to write critical essay in MLA style you should remember that it means that your work must have a list of sources with full bibliographic information at the end of the essay. This page usually has the title ''. It starts with a new page and continues the number of the pages. You must hold the format in the process of critical essay writing, so as in the whole document the page number placed in the upper-right hand corner, half an inch from the top. The title should be placed at the center of the critical essay cover page, an inch from the top of the page. There should be double space between title and the first entry. Bibliographic reference allows your readers to find the sources you used for writing a critical essay. Bibliographic reference should conta Critical Essay Writing Help Many students feel lost in the wealth of referencing peculiarities. You should understand that well-written, however, poorly-referenced critical essay will result in a low grade. offers you to use our writing help to ensure good grades. We will format your critical essay in accordance to the required writing and referencing style. Moreover, the works cited page is provided free! Popular posts: Research Paper Topic Ideas Research Paper Thesis Research Paper Proposal Research Paper Ideas Research Paper Format